It is an ancient fortified lucchese village, surrounded by a walls and towers from the '400, with a fortress from the XIV century situated at the highest point. Around the Fortress there developed the town of Castiglione that for safety reasons became surrounded by tall strong walls, joined by cilindrical towers. The walls of the fortification are 750 metres long, and have a patrol alley and thin slits for controlling the outside also. Today you can enter the town through three entrances, but in the past there wa sonly one entrance to the town with a drawbridge. The fortified Castiglione can be considered one of the most important and suggestive examples of 'living castles' of the Serchio Valley. The Chiesa di San Michele is very interesting, it is of medieval origins with a 1400 facade in white and pink stone. Inside there is a painting of the Madonna (1389) by Giuliano Simone, a wooden crucifix of the 1300s and a marble tabernacle from the school of Matteo Civitali. Also to see (in the Molini area) not far from the centre there is a medieval bridge that connects up to the pedestrian street to Chiozza. In this area the presence of metal in the Apuane and the hydraulic power available has made the settlement of metal work and it's extraction possible.

It is an ancient settlement on the Tuscan-Emilian Appenines, at a hight of 1525 metres above sea level, a dividing point between the province of Lucca and that of Modena. Because of it's position, since medieval times it has been an obbligatory passage for pilgrims and merchants. The village has still got the ancient qualities of a village in the alps, what with it's Sanctuary's architecture and it's old Hospital. The origins of the church are uncertain and the first document in which it is mentioned dates back to the XII century. Inside it there is a marble urn by Matteo Civitali that holds the remains of Saint Pellegrino and Saint Bianco. Near the ancient Hospital there is the ethnographic museum of Don Luigi Pellegrini, one of the most important in central italy. The museum is made up of 14 rooms and offers a lot of information about the peasants by keeping rural and domestic objects taken from the Garfagnana and the Appennino Modenese and Reggiano, positioned in a reconstruction of the original environment: the peasant's home, weaving, threading, embroidering, the agricultural trade and work of these last two centuries.

It's an ancient sheperd settlement. It's name derives from the red marble (saxo rubeo), most appreciated for it's rareness and beauty which can be found on the rocks where the villiage is located. The original structure of the buildings built with the material of the area gives it a chromatic quality, and is still well kept. On the hill there was a tower, a good observation and defence point, where the foundations can still be seen. Nearby there are numerous caves where there have been finds that prove the presence of man there since prehistory.